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BEGINNER 101 · 公開 2026-04-28 Updated 2026-04-28

Allergen 101 — A Beginner’s Reference

A beginner-friendly introduction to allergen, with a glossary, quick-reference card, and links to primary authority sources.

要約

A beginner-friendly introduction to allergen, with a glossary, quick-reference card, and links to primary authority sources.

📋 Authority Sources

📑 目次
  1. What it is, in one paragraph
  2. The 12 terms you must know
  3. Quick reference card
  4. What to read next
  5. Operator dialogue
    1. 🦉 & 🐣 & 🐮 — A 5-round operator’s dialogue
  6. 🦉ポッポ & 🐣ピヨちゃん & 🐮モーくん — 事業者対話
    1. 無料 MmowW CCP決定樹を試す
  7. Primary sources (national & international authorities)
    1. Related Articles
    2. HACCPを自動化しませんか？

What it is, in one paragraph

Allergen management is treated as a chemical hazard category under HACCP and is covered by mandatory labelling laws in every major jurisdiction. In Japan, declared allergens follow the national list[2], while exporters and importers must additionally consider EU 1169/2011[3] and the Codex GSFA framework[1].

The 12 terms you must know

  1. Hazard — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  2. CCP (Critical Control Point) — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  3. PRP (Prerequisite Programme) — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  4. Critical Limit — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  5. Monitoring — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  6. Corrective Action — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  7. Verification — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  8. Validation — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  9. Cross-contamination — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  10. Cross-contact (allergens) — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  11. Time-temperature abuse — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.
  12. Codex Decision Tree — defined in Codex Annex II and operationalised by national authorities.

Quick reference card

IndicatorBaselineTargetTimeMeasurement
Allergen matrix coverage60% of menu100%2 weeksMenu×allergen sheet
Cross-contact incident rateUnknown0/month3 monthsNear-miss log
Staff allergen recall test65/10095+/1001 monthWritten quiz
Allergen label spot-check pass85%100%1 monthRandom sample audit
Supplier allergen letter on file70% suppliers100%2 monthsDocument audit
🛠️ 関連する無料ツール: Build your allergen matrix 無料で試す →

Operator dialogue

🦉 & 🐣 & 🐮 — A 5-round operator’s dialogue

🐣
Piyo: Poppo-san, where does allergen actually start in a real kitchen?
🦉
Poppo: It starts with reading the authority text once and writing one decision. Codex sets the international baseline; your national regulator binds you to a specific value or method.
🐣
Piyo: What if the staff resist the new rule?
🦉
Poppo: Show them the failure mode it prevents and the time it saves. Authority handbooks (FSA SFBB, MHLW small-business guidance) describe the minimum viable system — you adapt, you don’t reinvent.
🐮
Mou: Strong, kind, beautiful: allergen made blissful for everyone in the kitchen.

🦉ポッポ & 🐣ピヨちゃん & 🐮モーくん — 事業者対話

🐣
ピヨちゃん: ポッポ、アレルゲンってHACCPに含まれるんですか？
🦉
ポッポ: 含まれます。Codex CXC 1-1969では化学的危害として分類、CXC 80-2020がアレルゲン管理専用規範です。
🐣
ピヨちゃん: クロスコンタクトとクロスコンタミの違いは？
🦉
ポッポ: クロスコンタミは病原菌混入、クロスコンタクトはアレルゲン混入。小麦粉が舞う環境でグルテンフリーを作るのは危険。
🐮
モーくん: うちは小麦アレルギーのお客さま専用フライヤーを50万円で導入。命に関わるから即決🐮
🐣
ピヨちゃん: Big 9って何ですか？
🦉
ポッポ: FDAが2023年から義務化した9大アレルゲン: 乳・卵・魚・甲殻類・木の実・落花生・小麦・大豆・ゴマ。
🐮
モーくん: Natasha's Lawで2021年から英国全土でフルラベル義務化。世界の食品業界を変えた🐮

無料 MmowW CCP決定樹を試す

メニューのCCPを5分で特定 — Codex CXC 1-1969 Annex IIに準拠、6言語で無料。

無料ツールを開く →

Primary sources (national & international authorities)

  1. MHLW (Japan) — HACCP Institutionalisation & Follow-up Survey 2023. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/shokuhin/haccp/index.html
  2. MHLW — HACCP Guidance for Small-Scale Food Operators (2020). https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000179028_00007.html
  3. MHLW — Council on the International Standardisation of Food Hygiene Management 2018. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi2/0000147811.html
  4. Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Status of HACCP Institutionalisation March 2023. https://www.fukushihoken.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/shokuhin/haccp/
  5. Consumer Affairs Agency (Japan) — Food Labelling Standard 2023. https://www.caa.go.jp/policies/policy/food_labeling/food_labeling_act/
  6. Codex Alimentarius — General Principles of Food Hygiene CXC 1-1969 Rev.2020 (HACCP Annex II). https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/
  7. FAO — HACCP System and Guidelines for its Application. https://www.fao.org/3/y1390e/y1390e0a.htm

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重要な免責事項： MmowWは食品安全認証機関ではありません。上記の内容は、各国当局の一次ソースから抽出した教育目的のベストプラクティス情報です。Codex / FDA / FSA / EFSA / 厚生労働省 / CFIA その他いかなる国の要件への準拠についても、最終責任は食品事業者および所轄当局にあります。常に一次ソースおよびお住まいの規制当局でご確認ください。情報は公開時点のものであり、その後の規制改定により変更される可能性があります。
🦉
澤井 隆行 — 行政書士

行政書士・MmowW創業者。世界中の食品安全コンプライアンスを極楽にする。

🔗 Primary Sources

  1. Codex CXC 1-1969
  2. FDA HACCP Principles
  3. EU Reg 852/2004

Sources verified by MmowW — Loved for Safety.

安全で、愛される。