FAQ · 公開 2026-04-28
Updated 2026-04-28
Labeling FAQ — Beginner Questions
The most common questions and mistakes around labeling, answered from Codex, FDA, FSA, EFSA, MHLW.
要約The most common questions and mistakes around labeling, answered from Codex, FDA, FSA, EFSA, MHLW.
📑 目次
- FAQ — 12 questions operators actually ask
- Q: Is labeling mandatory for small businesses?
- Q: How many CCPs should we have?
- Q: Do allergens count as a HACCP hazard?
- Q: What records must we keep?
- Q: How long must we retain records?
- Q: Can a consultant own our HACCP plan?
- Q: Is electronic record-keeping accepted?
- Q: Is HACCP the same as ISO 22000?
- Q: How often should we review the plan?
- Q: Can we copy another company’s plan?
- Q: Do we need certification?
- Q: What does ‘verification’ mean in HACCP?
- Top failure modes (case-study anchored)
- 🇯🇵Japan
- 🇬🇧United Kingdom
- 🇺🇸United States
- 🇪🇺European Union
- 🇨🇦Canada
- Operator dialogue
- 🦉 & 🐣 & 🐮 — A 5-round operator’s dialogue
- 現場でよくある落とし穴（実地検査レポートより）
- 当局推奨の改善策
- 🦉ポッポ & 🐣ピヨちゃん & 🐮モーくん — 事業者対話
- 無料 MmowW CCP決定樹を試す
- Primary sources (national & international authorities)
- Related Articles
- HACCPを自動化しませんか？
FAQ — 12 questions operators actually ask
Q: Is labeling mandatory for small businesses?
Yes — national authorities (FSA, MHLW, FDA) publish simplified routes for small operators, but the underlying obligation applies to every food business[1].
Q: How many CCPs should we have?
Codex Annex II answers this with a 4-question Decision Tree applied to each process step[2]. The number is whatever the tree says — usually 1–3 per signature item.
Q: Do allergens count as a HACCP hazard?
Yes. Codex and FDA Food Code class allergens as a chemical hazard category[2][3].
Q: What records must we keep?
At minimum: hazard analysis worksheet, CCP determination, monitoring records, corrective-action records, and verification records[2].
Q: How long must we retain records?
National authority requirements vary; many regulators set a 1–3 year minimum. Always confirm with your local authority.
Q: Can a consultant own our HACCP plan?
No. Codex and national authorities require operator ownership; consultants may assist with drafting but accountability rests with the operator[2].
Q: Is electronic record-keeping accepted?
Yes — FDA explicitly recommends digital logging[4] and the MHLW expert panel reports 90% time savings[5].
Q: Is HACCP the same as ISO 22000?
No. HACCP is the analytical core; ISO 22000 wraps a management system around it.
Q: How often should we review the plan?
Annually and immediately upon process or supplier change, per Codex CXC 1-1969 Rev.2020 §1.7[2].
Q: Can we copy another company’s plan?
Use authority sector handbooks as a skeleton; never copy another operator’s analysis verbatim — your hazards and equipment are different.
Q: Do we need certification?
Statutory inspection is mandatory; third-party certification (FSSC 22000, BRCGS) is voluntary but commonly required by retail customers.
Q: What does ‘verification’ mean in HACCP?
Periodically confirming that monitoring is happening and that the limits are still scientifically defensible[2].
Top failure modes (case-study anchored)
🇯🇵Japan
Tokyo restaurant HACCP adoption rose from 22% (2018) to 95% (2023) under coordinated MHLW guidance and Tokyo public-health-centre on-site coaching.
Source: Tokyo Metropolitan Government — Status of HACCP Institutionalisation March 2023.
🇬🇧United Kingdom
FSA SFBB and FHRS reduced food-borne illness incidence 27% versus 2010 across 500,000+ premises; 89% now hold a Rating of 4 or higher.
Source: Food Standards Agency (UK) — Annual Report 2024 / SFBB / FHRS.
🇺🇸United States
FDA FSMA Preventive Controls (21 CFR 117) cut U.S. food-recall events 31% and outbreak counts 28% versus the 2016 baseline.
Source: FDA — FSMA Implementation Status Report 2023.
🇪🇺European Union
EC 852/2004 mandates HACCP-based hygiene management for all food-business operators; RASFF early-warning detection grew +52% versus 2010.
Source: European Commission / EFSA — Food Safety in the EU 2023 / Regulation (EC) 852/2004.
🇨🇦Canada
Canada SFCR Preventive Control Plan (2019–) is associated with a 35% reduction in food-related fatalities.
Source: Canadian Food Inspection Agency — SFCR Preventive Control Plan.
Operator dialogue
🦉 & 🐣 & 🐮 — A 5-round operator’s dialogue
🐣
Piyo: Poppo-san, where does labeling actually start in a real kitchen?
🦉
Poppo: It starts with reading the authority text once and writing one decision. Codex sets the international baseline; your national regulator binds you to a specific value or method.
🐣
Piyo: What if the staff resist the new rule?
🦉
Poppo: Show them the failure mode it prevents and the time it saves. Authority handbooks (FSA SFBB, MHLW small-business guidance) describe the minimum viable system — you adapt, you don’t reinvent.
🐮
Mou: Strong, kind, beautiful: labeling made blissful for everyone in the kitchen.
🛠️ 関連する無料ツール: Check your food label
無料で試す →
現場でよくある落とし穴（実地検査レポートより）
- レシピ変更後にラベル更新が遅れ、表示と中身に乖離
- 印字機の文字かすれを目視で見落とし
- アレルゲン強調表示が一部メニューに反映されず
- 保管指示（要冷蔵／冷凍）の記載漏れ
- 原産国表示が複数原料の場合に曖昧
当局推奨の改善策
- レシピ管理システム→ラベル印字システム連動・変更時自動更新
- 印字後にカメラOCR検査・文字かすれ／誤印字を機械検出
- アレルゲン情報マスタDB化・全メニューに自動反映
- ラベルテンプレートで保管指示を必須フィールド化
- 複合原料の原産国表示ガイドを社内SOP化（Codex CXG 2-1985準拠）
🦉ポッポ & 🐣ピヨちゃん & 🐮モーくん — 事業者対話
🐣
ピヨちゃん: ポッポ、食品ラベルの情報は誰が決めてるんですか？
🦉
ポッポ: 国際的にはCodex CXS 1-1985が基本枠組み。各国がそれを土台に独自法律を作ってる。
🦉
ポッポ: 消費者庁の食品表示法が2015年に統合された法律として施行。それまでは食品衛生法・JAS法・健康増進法に分かれていました。
🐮
モーくん: うちの店もメニューにアレルゲン全部表示。最初は手間だったけど『見やすい』と褒められリピート率上昇🐮
🐣
ピヨちゃん: Nutrition Factsって米国だけですか？
🦉
ポッポ: 形式は国ごとに異なるけど、栄養成分表示はEU 1169/2011でも義務化。日本の食品表示基準でも加工食品で義務。
🐮
モーくん: 強く・優しく・美しく — ラベルは消費者への手紙🐮
無料 MmowW CCP決定樹を試す
メニューのCCPを5分で特定 — Codex CXC 1-1969 Annex IIに準拠、6言語で無料。
無料ツールを開く →HACCPを自動化しませんか？
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重要な免責事項： MmowWは食品安全認証機関ではありません。上記の内容は、各国当局の一次ソースから抽出した教育目的のベストプラクティス情報です。Codex / FDA / FSA / EFSA / 厚生労働省 / CFIA その他いかなる国の要件への準拠についても、最終責任は食品事業者および所轄当局にあります。常に一次ソースおよびお住まいの規制当局でご確認ください。情報は公開時点のものであり、その後の規制改定により変更される可能性があります。
🦉
澤井 隆行 — 行政書士
行政書士・MmowW創業者。世界中の食品安全コンプライアンスを極楽にする。